Planar four node piezoelectric elements with drilling degrees of freedom

Numerical Assessment of Some Membrane Elements with Drilling Degrees of Freedom?

A simple formulation of membrane finite elements with drilling degrees of freedom is presented. Elements based on this theory have been proved to converge and this is confirmed by numerical calculations. The incompatible modes approach is incorporated in the formulation to develop extremely accurate four-node elements with drilling degrees of freedom.

Four Degrees-of-Freedom Micromachined Gyroscope

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Design of a piezoelectric mirror scanning device using topology optimization

1. Abstract There are several optical applications in which a mirror or lens requires accurate manipulation, for example in microscanning or focusing optical systems. Typically, such devices are designed on a trial-and-error basis. To improve on this procedure, we apply topology optimization in the design of a piezoelectric micropositioner. The mechanism employs two piezoelectric stack actuator...

A node-based element for analysis of planar piezoelectric structures

A novel node-based smoothing element for triangular and quadrilateral meshes is presented for static analysis of planar piezoelectric structures. In contrast to the smoothed finite element formulation that was based on sub-cells within an original quadrilateral element, this new method transforms a general original finite element mesh into a mesh of new smoothing cells individually associated w...

Kant's Four Notions of Freedom